Monday, February 22, 2021

One Story of Untreated Mental Illness


       The long term outcome of poorly treated or untreated mental illness is often evidenced by increased family alienation,  ever emerging and more bizarre tales of tragedy and difficulties with personal relationships.  The story below is a case study in the outcome of untreated mental illness that likely has physical roots (metabolic issues) combined with a variety of emotional insults.

      Treva Thornberry had a convincing emotive manner in which she delivered her tales of woe and abuse that she said spanned decades.  The false claims repeatedly gained her charity, favor and support from social services, churches, well meaning families, schools, counselors, therapists and most of all the police in 5 different states over 15 years.  Her various stays repeatedly ended with betrayal and false allegations prior to her disappearance.  Her emotive (but fraudulent) presentations were so convincing that psychologists and psychiatrists now point to her case as an example of an extremely rare "factitious disorder" (Muchausen Syndrome).
      Her journey began in 1986 when at 17 years old she suddenly accused her father of repeatedly raping her at gunpoint.  After investigation the police cleared the father and family.  After expressing suicidal ideation she was sent to a state hospital where she was given Xanax & Trilafon and then sent to a foster home in Wichita Falls where she attended high school. In 1987 she was sent to a new foster home in Fort Worth, graduated high school and was released from juvenile care.  She lived briefly with a single mother and her three children.  She disappeared.
       In 1992 Treva emerged as "Kelli T. Thornberry Smitt" in Corvallis, Oregon. She claimed to be 16 and was taken in by kind families.  She told horrid stories of her father from Dallas who would force her into the car and assault her.  She was supported and aided but police were unable to verify her identity of the identity of her father.  She disappeared.  
       In 1993 Treva emerged again as  "Kelli T. Thornberry Smitt" who claimed to be 16 (now 23)  in Portland Oregon.  She told stories to those who took her in of being abused by her father, a Portland police officer.  The police were unable to locate the officer or verify details of her story.  She disappeared.
      In 1994 Treva emerged as "Cara Leanna Davis"claiming to be 16 (actually 24) in Coeur d’Alene, Idaho.  She claimed her abusive father had murdered her mother and was a satanic cult leader.  She was cared for by families and disappeared after 2 months.
     Later in 1994 Treva emerged as "Kara Williams" claiming to be 16 (actually 24).  She told police numerous claims of assault including a young staffer at a shelter.  She went to three different high schools and lived in numerous foster care homes at state expense.  When confronted by social services about her identity she confessed to nothing. Her protests were so adamant, and so tearful, that more than one person watching her came to the conclusion that she truly believed what she was saying.“ Kara was discharged from juvenile care. She disappeared.
     In 1996 Treva emerged as "Stephanie Danielle Lewis" claiming to be 16 (then actually 26). She found help by a religious underground to escape "satanist parents".  She was provided juvenile care services. After 18 days of investigation police determined her real identity. She was arrested for fraud and released. She disappeared. 
    In 1997 Treva emerged as "Brianna Stewart" who claimed to have lived near Mobile, Alabama with mother and Navajo step father who murdered her mother.   She was looking for real father and hitchhiked as a 13 year old to the area.  She was taken in by a family at a church she attended and enrolled in high school wanting to “have a normal life”.   Eventually she filed charges of rape against a security guard who was imprisoned and found guilty (later released and exonerated).  She also went on to accused her host family father spying on her with video cameras while undressing and sexually assaulting her.  After investigation police dismissed the charges.  She vehemently insisted she was telling the truth and taken in by mother of a police officer even after investigators could not corroborate claims. 
     In 2001 Treva still claiming to be "Brianna Stewart" went to trial charged with fraudulent collection of juvenile services (she was 32 at this time).  She fired her lawyers who sought to claim innocence with an insanity plea.  "Brianna" decided to represent herself.   The prosecutor confronted her with a number of matching methods.  Her hand writing matched that of the teenager Treva Thornberg. Brianna's dental exam matched the dental records of Treva Thornberry.  Photos of Treva were presented to jury by Treva's mother that showed unmistakable similarities (Treva paused in the courtroom when shown the pictures).  Finally Brianna accepted a DNA analysis which came back with an overwhelming positive match with the married couple from Electra Texas.  This couple gave birth and raised Treva Thornberry until her mental illness struck when she was 17 (read more about mental illness at "Elephant Illness").  "Brianna" in her defense submitted a report by a therapist that stated an opinion that "Brianna" was 20 years old.  The jury found her guilty of all 7 charges.  Treva Thornberry was sentenced to 3 years in prison.
      While being escorted after the trial Treva (who still called herself Brianna) said in a loud voice "I’m nineteen! I’m not guilty of anything except being a teenager!”  

      In 2003 Treva was released after serving 2 years and 3 months of the sentence. She appeared on an ABC news and stated: "I'm not Treva Thornberry," Stewart said. "I just want to reiterate that I am not, no matter how much that family wants to suddenly produce their family member, no matter what they do, what they say, I am not Treva Thornberry nor will I ever be Treva Thornberry. Because you can't make another person into somebody else. You just can't."

     In 2016 Treva emerged as "Brianna McKenzie" in Lacey, Washington.  She went to police and accused a man of attempting rape while working at a hotel.  Investigation revealed her true identity.  Investigators found inconsistencies when "Brianna" claimed  doubts about the identity of attacker.  The accused man named Canton claimed that a hotel maid attempted to steal his meth.  Canton was eventually released.  Brianna now claims her attacker had more hair.
    She and others like her are out there.  Some of the convincing accusers actually believe the delusions and fantasies they imagine.  Anyone, even the kind and well meaning, can become a victim of false accusations by the mentally ill.





Tuesday, May 5, 2020

Trail of Lies


       One of the most studied serial false accusers in the historical record is Treva Thornberry.  Her convincing emotive manner in which she delivered her tales of woe and abuse spanned decades.  Treva's false claims gained her charity, favor and support from social services, churches, well meaning families, schools, counselors, therapists and most of all the police in 5 different states over 15 years.  Her stay repeatedly ended with betrayal and false allegations prior to her disappearance.  Her emotive (but fraudulent) presentations were so convincing that psychologists and psychiatrists now point to her case as an example of an extremely rare "factitious disorder" (Muchausen Syndrome).
      Her journey began in 1986 when at 17 years old she suddenly accused her father of repeatedly raping her at gunpoint.  After investigation the police cleared the father and family.  After expressing suicidal ideation she was sent to a state hospital where she was given Xanax & Trilafon and then sent to a foster home in Witchata Falls where she attended high school. In 1987 she was sent to a new foster home in Fort Worth, graduated high school and was released from juvenile care.  She lived briefly with a single mother and her three children.  She disappeared.
       In 1992 Treva emerged as "Keili T. Thorneberry Smitt" in Corvallis, Oregon. She claimed to be 16 and was taken in by kind families.  She told horrid stories of her father from Dallas who would force her into the car and assault her.  She was supported and aided but police were unable to verify her identity of the identity of her father.  She disappeared.  
       In 1993 Treva emerged as  "Keili T. Thorneberry Smitt" who claimed to be 16 (now 23)  in Portland Oregon.  She told stories to those who took her in of being abused by her father, a Portland police officer.  The police were unable to locate the officer or verify details of her story.  She disappeared.
      In 1994 Treva emerged as "Cara Leanna Davis"claiming to be 16 (actually 24) in Coeur d’Alene, Idaho.  She claimed her abusive father had murdered her mother and was a satanic cult leader.  She was cared for by families and disappeared after 2 months.
     Later in 1994 Treva emerged as "Kara Williams" claiming to be 16 (actually 24).  She told police she was 16 years of age and detailed numerous claims of assault including a young staffer at a shelter.  She went to three different high schools and lived in numerous foster care homes at state expense.  When confronted by social services about her identity she confessed to nothing. Her protests were so adamant, and so tearful, that more than one person watching her came to the conclusion that she truly believed what she was saying.“ Kara was discharged from juvenile care. She disappeared.
     In 1996 Treva emerged as "Stephanie Danielle Lewis" claiming to be 16 (actually 26). She found help by a religious underground to escape "satanist parents".  She was provided juvenile care services. After 18 days of investigation police determined her real identity. She was arrested for fraud and released. She disappeared. 
    In 1997 Treva emerged as "Brianna Stewart" who claimed to have lived near Mobile, Alabama with mother and Navajo step father who murdered her mother.   She was looking for real father and hitchhiked as a 13 year old to area She was taken in by a family at a church she attended and enrolled in high school wanting to “have a normal life”.  She filed charges of rape against a security guard who was imprisoned and found guilty (later released and exonerated).  She also accused her host family father spying on her with video cameras while undressing and sexually assaulting her.  After investigation police dismissed the charges.  She vehemently insisted she was telling the truth and taken in by mother of a police officer even after investigators could not corroborate claims. 
     In 2001 Treva still claiming to be "Brianna Stewart" went to trial charged with fraudulent collection of juvenile services (she was 32 at this time).  She fired her lawyers who sought to claim innocence with an insanity plea.  "Brianna" decided to represent herself.   The prosecutor confronted her with a number of matching methods.  Her hand writing matched that of the teenager Treva Thornberg. Brianna's dental exam matched the dental records of Treva Thornberry.  Photos of Treva were presented to jury by Treva's mother that showed unmistakable similarities (Treva paused in the courtroom when shown the pictures).  Finally Brianna accepted a DNA analysis which came back with an overwhelming positive match with the married couple from Electra Texas.  This couple gave birth and raised Treva Thornberry until her mental illness struck when she was 17 (read more about mental illness at "Elephant Illness").  "Brianna" in her defense submitted a report by a therapist that stated an opinion that "Brianna" was 20 years old.  The jury found her guilty of all 7 charges.  Treva Thornberry was sentenced to 3 years in prison.
      While being escorted after the trial Treva (who still called herself Brianna) said in a loud voice "I’m nineteen! I’m not guilty of anything except being a teenager!”  

      In 2003 Treva was released after serving 2 years and 3 months of the sentence. She appeared on an ABC news and stated: "I'm not Treva Thornberry," Stewart said. "I just want to reiterate that I am not, no matter how much that family wants to suddenly produce their family member, no matter what they do, what they say, I am not Treva Thorneberry nor will I ever be Treva Thornberry. Because you can't make another person into somebody else. You just can't."

     In 2016 Treva emerged as "Brianna McKenzie" in Lacey, Washington.  She went to police and accused a man of attempting rape while working at a hotel.  Investigation revealed her true identity.  Investigators found inconsistencies who then "Brianna" claimed  doubts about identity of attacker.  The accused man named Canton claimed that a hotel maid attempted to steal his meth.  Canton was eventually released.  Brianna now claims her attacker had more hair.
    She and others like her are out there.  Some of the convincing accusers actually believe the delusions and fantasies they imagine.  Anyone, even the kind and well meaning, can become a victim of false accusations by the mentally ill.





Sunday, February 2, 2020

Our Story, Suffering and Hope

.
     Our adult child was in postpartum depression and in need of help while living 2000 miles away in Walla Walla, Washington in June of 2015.    A long discredited therapy now rejected by expert therapists and known to create horrid false memories was used to “help”.  "Pseudo memories" nurtured by a therapist, life coach and/or friend(s) armed with a "Do it Yourself Therapy Book" harmed her and her family permanently.  While in depression and medicated she endured suggestive questioning, imaging techniques, trances and blackouts.  Our understanding of this event is based on eyewitness written accounts (two people) in Walla Walla who were alarmed and maintained contact with us.  In addition screenshots of our daughter's online public posts, private messages and emails at the time that were saved.
       Our daughter and her then common law husband Kevin both had been married previously but told us they wanted to have a wedding in the church and invited us to come. We traveled 2,463 miles by car towing a trailer to be there in time for the wedding and stay in a nearby campground.  The brief visit involved emotive displays of horrid behavior and accusations we had never dreamed of, heard about or witnessed before that trip.  Our daughter repeatedly referred to “repressed memories” and described horrid events that never happened.  A "friend" called “Juanita” was present and encouraged animated false “recollections” by our daughter.   "Juanita Aunsbach was someone we had never met before, had no personal knowledge of anyone in our family and no one in our nuclear family had ever heard or talked to her prior.  We were shocked.
       When another daughter began to show similar signs of mental illness (psychosis and delusions) we arranged for blood analysis.  It was revealed that five of seven in our nuclear family have a metabolism known to have pathways leading to episodes of "psychosis".  This pathway to psychosis can be caused by the medications posted online publicly by our daughter 2015. We are now convinced that poor and outdated talk therapy called "recovered memory therapy" combined with metabolic issues (relating to her pregnancy) and a reaction to medication underlie her struggles with these psuedomemories and untreated mental illness.
       Thousands of miles away from where she grew up her social circles were ignorant of the facts.  No one has ever called and talked with her brother, sisters, parents, grandparents or people who lived in our household during her youth.  
       We now realize that such delusions can persist indefinitely.  Pseudo memories are resistant to change unless those still in contact gently point out facts and ask questions that make the accuser aware of discrepancies. We understand that the outlook for her recovery from this episode is very poor. Maltreatment (harmful talk therapies based on memory) can make untreated mental illness profitable for therapists as it extends unhelpful treatment indefinitely.  We hope that someday her circle of acquaintances who do not know us will at least encourage her to get physically checked and competently cared for. We have and will always love, respect and cherish our daughter.
       In spite of the bizarre and false memories we will never give up on reconciliation and continue to pray for her.
      We are still allowed to hope!

====================

Tuesday, January 14, 2020

The Therapy Jesus Used


     I often read the gospel scheduled by our church each day.  Some readings strike me as relevant and truthful in new ways as I grow, mature and change..  On September 3, 2019 the Gospel of Luke  Chapter 4 verses 31-37 was the Gospel reading.  I read the same story again on January 14, 2020 from Mark 1:21-28 and added some new insights as well.

    "Jesus went down to Capernaum, a town of Galilee.
     He taught them on the sabbath, and they were astonished at his teaching
     because he spoke with authority.
     In the synagogue there was a man with the spirit of an unclean demon, 
     and he cried out in a loud voice,
     "What have you to do with us, Jesus of Nazareth?
     Have you come to destroy us?
     I know who you are–the Holy One of God!"
     Jesus rebuked him and said, "Be quiet! Come out of him!"
     Then the demon threw the man down in front of them
     and came out of him without doing him any harm.
     They were all amazed and said to one another,
     "What is there about his word?
     For with authority and power he commands the unclean spirits,
     and they come out."
     And news of him spread everywhere in the surrounding region."

       This reading hit me in a new way at this time in my life.
      Jesus taught with confidence.  The ability to convey certainty was key to the spread of his teachings. He taught confidently even in his home region of Galilee. Real courage was needed to speak truth to friends and relatives.  So confidence is key.  What if there is confidence in the wrong methods?  Confidence alone is not enough.
     In this event depicted by two different gospel accounts Jesus frees a man from "demons" publicly in a church.  I am not a theologian or expert in ancient Hebrew, Aramaic or Greek terms so I use context available in the story.  What I do have is experience.  I have experienced a mentally ill person "helped"with memory based therapy who screamed out outlandish accusations to secular and church authorities in a very similar manner about me.  It was quite intimidating and resulted in immense disruption to my life, the loss of my professional position, my computer being frozen, my house being searched, my minor child being interrogated for hours in a counselor office and my adult children being questioned aggressively.   In the end they were unable to substantiate any of the accusations.  I was lucky as I have learned that thousands of innocent men like me are cornered into "pleas" or found guilty on the word of a person disconnected from reality, in psychosis and suffering from hallucinations (as my accuser was found to be).  I have since learned that many are in prison because someone screamed accusations and that was all that was needed.  I was lucky as I was able to get help to my accuser and return her to reality.  So this story has immense meaning for me.  I pondered if Jesus himself faced emotionally fueled and false accusations in that church.  So reading this captivated my attention.  How did Jesus handle this situation?
      The scripture depicts a person with "problems" yelling out at Jesus in the church.   The unstable person identifies Jesus by name and refers to himself as "us" rather than as the person speaking.  Possibly there is more wrong than any one malady (just as in the case of my mentally ill accuser).  Jesus is not his malady but he is the one being screamed at.   Jesus ends up facilitating his cure. What did Jesus do?  
      It is interesting what Jesus did NOT do.  Jesus could have talked and inquired about the details of the charges and topics of his rantings.  Jesus could have asked about when, how and by what mechanism the demon had taken control.  Jesus could have asked the person about the possibility of misguided parenting, neglect as a youth that made him vulnerable to mental illness or demonic activity.  Jesus could have suggested  he was abused "like so many others have been" and then got him to retell his tales that so many in psychosis generate.  Jesus could have referred the man to others in the community who specialized in handling crazy people to help them "remember" what caused them harm.  Jesus could have attempted to  offer him money to stop his rantings.  Some might think that Jesus appeared to have what seemed to be a lack of empathy and compassion because Jesus made no attempt to clarify his reasons for screaming at all.   Instead Jesus provided deliverance and then healing.
     The two things Jesus did prior to the deliverance and miraculous change it explicitly described.  Jesus commanded the screaming person to "be quiet".   Jesus did not seek to be entertained with lurid tales that detailed why he was screaming at him.   Jesus followed the command to be quiet with a rebuke.  It seems to me that the common response to demons screaming out false accusations is one that harms the innocent  (by minimizing their real experience), it harms the innocent who are falsely accused with public media attention that amplifies the screams and rewards the demon screams with large payouts.  It is hard to imagine anything doing more harm than our present reaction.
       Could it be that Jesus is driving out the "demons" in a false accuser?
      After the man is quieted Jesus "rebukes" and the "demon" is not specifically spoken of by Jesus.  Only after quiet and rebuke is the unnamed demon ordered to "come out" of the afflicted man. Does anyone reading this see the quieting and rebuking a sign of Jesus' anger,  guilt or ignorance of his past that could have made emotionally afflicted man this way?  If so they may have a wrong perspective.  Such a misunderstanding may be empowering the screaming of false accusations.
      The accuser fell to the ground as if humiliated.  The "unclean spirit" left and that crazy acting man acted different after he got up. 
      The news spread because what Jesus did worked.  It was not because Jesus provided a satisfactory or detailed explanation of why the man acted crazy.  Jesus spoke and acted with authority, rebuked, commanded and caused a crazy man to throw himself down in front of others.  That man became better because of the words Jesus used focused the man on ceasing his rant and then becoming different.  Jesus did not focus on what he was "screaming about" during or after the event.  Clearly the crazy acting person was a different man after he picked himself up.  You can tell by the fruit of this interaction.
     The kingdom of God spread like wildfire as a result.  Maybe others will be moved and changed by the power of his word and example.  I have seen it personally.  I can tell you this story is truly how Jesus works.
     This was so worth pondering.  
     If we are unstable and emotional and screaming in anger why not be quiet, accept rebuke and throw ourselves down in front of Jesus? Then why not get up a different person?

Tuesday, December 31, 2019

Elephant Illness

      The elephant discussed in this blog entry is mental health. A person may appear to be in good health but the physical dysfunctions that underlie the mentally afflicted may be at work.  If a mentally ill person is placed in the care of a therapist (friend or prayer partner) using memory based therapy  traumatic psuedomemories can be produced.  The inappropriate use of such therapy on someone in psychosis can lead to bizarre pseudomemories, false accusations, family estrangement, innocents being imprisoned and a myriad of other horrid personal outcomes.

How has our culture dealt with the mentally ill in the past?
      In the centuries prior to the 1800's all mental illness was seen as emerging from demons, witchery, evil spirits and other often supernatural sources.  Responses to mental illness included avoidance, isolation, restraints, imprisonment, torture, execution, burning at the stake or some combination of these actions.  All these horrid actions were meant to drive out the demons and evil thought to reside in the mentally afflicted person.   The transition away from these methods was slow partly due to the danger such people posed to those around them.  To protect themselves family members "disowned" the mentally ill person and claimed supernatural causes for the bizarre behavior, uncontrolled rage and/or horrid delusions .  The idea that mental illness was innate and caused by some spiritual deficiency still haunts us today. 

      In the 1800's psychoanalytical treatments arose that sought to assign causes for the emergence of mental illness.  Errors and wrongdoings while "training up a child in the way he/she should go" appeared to be a reasonable way to explain the mentally ill.  The assignment of natural causes for mental illness was in part related to the western culture's embrace of science.  Parental approaches, unhealthy relationships with parents, personal trauma and life conditions were seen as incubators of "mental illness" rather than supernatural spells or possession.   So for a century therapy was the dominant treatment for those who could afford it.   Increasingly options to calm and sedate the anxious, paranoid or manic patients came to include a variety of medications so that the ill person could be then be psychoanalyzed into health.  Eventually some psychiatrists came to recognize that medication was the primary and most reliable way to manage the symptoms of mental illness. The debilitating and often harsh side effects were worth the improvement in both emotional and mental functioning.  Doubts about psychoanalysis began to emerge as drugs alone appeared to help stem the symptoms and the counseling seemed haphazard in results and sporadic to the improvement which appeared dramatically when medication was provided in the right dosage.  Many psychiatrists noticed that mental illness popped up even among those who had healthy childhoods and new directions in research emerged during this fog of doubt starting in the 1950's.

      In the 1960's and 70's studies of twins separated at birth through adoption revealed that the emergence of mental illness occurred at the same rate for those twins raised together or separately in different families with different resources and experiences.  If mental illness  emerged at the same rate for both twins even though they were in different families then family dynamics could be ruled out as a factor in mental illness altogether.  This was a stunning finding.  The long held assumptions for over a century that parental approaches, personal trauma or life conditions alone created mental illness was debunked by these landmark "twin studies".  Additional research repeatedly revealed that the family conditions and personal life experiences alone did not always explain the emergence of mental illness.  

Institutionalized Autistic Children in 1982

     We can look at the most documented examples of the mistaken psychoanalytically based assumptions.   The traditional psychiatric view at one time held that "frigid mothers" caused Autism in a child.  This persistent view was researched thoroughly and repeatedly found to have data that was inconclusive.  The assumption was that mothers who failed to show affection created  the condition called "Autism" as the affection of parents was a "primary need".  Mothers were often shamed by therapists, isolated by society and divorced by fathers who felt betrayed.  In the end the cause of Autism is now accepted to be related to physiological factors that emerge prior to birth.  The degree of affectionate behavior of mothers is now known to have nothing to do with the emergence of Autism.  None-the-less families were utterly destroyed by the false assumptions over the last century and the resulting family breakup often meant institutional care for those suffering from this malady. This caused even greater harm for these ill children.  The sad thing is that intact families have now been found to be an important factor to helping the mentally ill reach fullest potential.  Unfortunately false assumptions of psychoanalytical therapists often  caused family breakups and helpless children to be institutionalized and often restrained as late as 1982 (in the picture below).


    Schizophrenia was thought to be the outcome of over involved parents or resulting from traumatic family experiences.   The high suggestibility of these mentally infirmed meant that "recovered memory therapist" could unintentionally "create memories" of events that never actually happened.  This was especially so among those mentally ill and vulnerable to emotionally charged suggestions that was made implicitly or overtly.  The outcome was often parents accused of horrific abuse that never happened, often the father could be jailed, employed parents were terminated from jobs, the family unit was isolated from the community as well as becoming estranged from the extended family.  In the 1980's studies finally confirmed that those suffering from schizophrenia did not have "over involved parents" or "childhood trauma" any more frequently than normal offspring.  Even when there was verified physical or emotional trauma in children many of the children went on to live productive lives at the same rate as those who did not have such verified events.   In 1999 the last such psychoanalytical assumption was found false when large scale study revealed that those with schizophrenia recovered more quickly without relapse if they were at home with involved parents.   This came as the final stake in the heart of psychoanalysis which had long held an errant view of how to treat schizophrenia.  Hospitalization away from from the family "causing trauma" was thought to be productive and helpful.  The data proved that involved parents made all outcomes better.   

       Additional physiological explanations emerged when studies of imprisoned violent offenders.   The study revealed that when trace metal imbalances in the blood were corrected reduced repeat offenses of violence to one fourth the levels of those untreated.   The results were stunning.  Such studies inferred biological reasons were at least a part of the cause for criminal behavior.   The researched links between mental illness and childhood challenges existed but even those from middle class homes with metal imbalances showed increased likelihood for violent behavior.  Increasingly, by the 1990's, the biological foundations began to be seen as a larger than expected contributor to pathological behavior.

     The examples and stories go on and on. The mistaken notion that mental illness always has a root in abusive treatment has been a destructive and harmful notion for over a century. In fact our society may have done better when we attributed these mental illnesses to the devil and curses! In that way at least the "innocent family members" were not victimized socially, economically or criminally.

How does modern psychiatry view mental illness?

      In 1985 a book titled "The Broken Brain: The Biological Revolution in Psychiatry"  Dr. Nancy C Andreasen MD, PhD proposed with detailed evidence the now widely accepted view among psychiatrists that biological processes explains the presence of mental illness.   Dr. Andreasen was chair of the Psychiatric Department at the University of Iowa, did extensive research on mental health using brain scans,  had written psychiatric textbooks and popular texts on mental health and received numerous awards over decades for her service.  In 2000 Dr Andreasen received a presidential award for science..  Her nomination stated:

          "Long before it was broadly acknowledged, Nancy Andreasen 
         understood that mental illnesses are biologically-based brain 
        disorders,  Her groundbreaking research on schizophrenia 
         has inspired hope for improved treatment and recovery..."

     Doctors, current in the research, now know of a variety of physical and biological dysfunctions that create psychosis with its high suggestibility state, paranoia, vulnerability to delusions and even bizarre hallucinations.  Physical causes and biological mechanisms leading to mental illness  now include metal toxicity,  food allergies, undermethylation, over methylation and personal metabolic tendencies that inappropriately eject needed nutrients as waste products when under stress.  Recreational drugs, medication, sleep deprivation and even excessive water intake can are now also known to create psychosis that result in similar forms of mental illness.

     A well known Psychiatrist, Dr. Abram Hoffer, was claiming adamantly as early as 1953 that a biological basis was at the root of mental illness. He was, in that regard, decades ahead of his peers who still saw psychoanalysis as the route to mental health.   He wrote a number of books on the treatment of those with mental illness and shared his insights regarding how to help the patient emerge from the illness in a book titled "The Orthomolecular Treatment of Schizophrenia" and on page 40 of that text he states:      

          "...I find it very helpful to have the family in my office 
         during the interview, with the patient's permission. A 
         lot of time is saved in gathering the information 
         needed to make the diagnosis.  It also helps when the 
         family hears the discussion and knows what the 
         treatment will be.  Although most psychiatrists no 
         longer blame the family for the illness of a relative,
         it can still occur.  It is important to remove any guilt 
        the family may have derived from previous outmoded, 
         harmful explanations."

Dr. Hoffer recognized, in the quote above that therapists with good intentions could implement errant treatments, using memory based therapies.  This harmful technique could be compounded if a mentally ill person in a highly suggestible state and vulnerable to delusions formed horrid pseudomemories of events that never actually happened.  Dr. Hoffer was aware that successful treatment of those suffering from mental illness often relied on families and family members.  The delusional patient treated with memory based therapy could accuse family members of horrid crimes, of being space aliens or of being part of an some effort by a government agency to control them.  The result of such delusions was often alienation from the very people that could best help the mentally ill person most.  Familial estrangement is one of the signs of mental illness.

Why does mental illness persist in spite of our wealth and knowledge?
        In 2019 experts in Memory wrote in alarm in the Journal of Psychological Science about the growth of false accusations and the influence of therapy using methods know to create false accusations. The article specifically addresses the hand in hand relationship between mental illness (psychopathology) and false memories:
        There is good evidence that certain forms of psychopathology 
         (e.g., schizophrenia) go hand in hand with a tendency to accept and give in
         to external pressure (Peters, Moritz, Tekin, Jelicic, & Merckelbach, 2012).  
         More importantly, existing work also indicates that psychopathology 
         (i.e., depression, PTSD) is linked to an enhanced propensity to produce
         spontaneous false memories. 
The connections between mental illness and false memories is only now being documented repeatedly in the research literature.  These false memories may be at the root of the many false accusations of physical abuse, sexual abuse and incest among other emotionally revolting crimes.

       In our culture mental illness is commonly associated with an inborn character flaw, a flawed spiritual formation or the outcome of some shameful trauma. None of these assumptions explain the presence of mental illness and those wrong assumptions work to suppress the needed discussion.   In our culture the family is often totally  unaware of the biological causes of mental illness because of the silence imposed by shame.  In fact a dysfunctional metabolism ignites mental illness that results in despondency, rage, paranoia, bizarre delusions and horrid hallucinations mistaken for reality.  Our city streets are full of such people today.  The mistaken notions about mental illness feed the ignorance, suppress discussion and prevent the proper care of the mentally ill person.  One would expect that the family would be aware of their common physiology but this is often not so. The shame and the silence it nurtures prevents learning about the true cause.  In fact a family may seek to distance themselves from the mentally ill family member.  Nothing could be worse as delusions are strengthened, rage and despondency rewarded and many of the ill live in a hopeless squalor.
    A just and compassionate response would be to support the family unit in the caring for the ill person. Part of the issue today is that the family is seen by many as the problem that causes or ferments the illness.  Actually the family, as Dr. Hoffer realized, has a huge impact in the successful outcomes (much better than institutionalization).  I hope, one day, that the data and research become better known.  Our entire society would be better off by encouraging recovery from mental illness rather than perpetuating the illness with lack of treatment and isolation from family.




Did you read to the end?  Thank You for your interest! The points that I make are based on research studies I have reviewed, on the books I have read on this topic and the personal experience our family has had in seeing a family member recover from mental illness.  

Books that I have reviewed on this topic may be of interest to anyone who read this far:



Hoffer, A, Orthomolecular Treatment for Schizophrenia (1999)



Walsh, W. Nutrient Power (2014)


Other references useful in formulating the summary a mental health treatment depicted above include:



Larson W. {2004). Science in Ancient' World Encyclopedia ABC-CLIO: Santa Barbara. CA: 29 30. 


Debus AG. (1970). Johann Hoachim Bechcr. In: GiIlispie CC. ed. Dictionary of Scientific Biography. I. Charles Scribners Sons: New York.



Conant J B, cxl, (1950). The Overthrow of the Phlogiston Theory: Revolution 1775—1789. I Harvard University Press: Carnbridge. MA; 14. 



Winkler KR ed. John Locke, An Essay Concerning Human Understanding I Hacket Publishing Company: Indianapolis, IN: 33-36.



Aristotle (350 BC). On the Soul (de anima).  Aristotle Vol. 8 (1936). Hect. WS, trans. Loeb Classical Library. William Heinemann: London; 1-203. 



Freud .S. (1940). An outline of psycho-analysis (the standard edition). In: Strachey J, ed. Complete Psychological Works Works of Sigmund Freud. W W Norton: New York. 

Adler A. : In: Ansbacher, HL and Ansbacher RR, eds. The Individual Psychology of Alfred Adler.  Harper Torchbooks: New York.

 Kendlcr KS. (1983).  Overview: a current perspective on twin studies of schizophrenia. Am J Psychiatry 14: 1413-1425. 

Bertelscn A, Harvald B, Hauge M. (1977) A Danish twin study of manic-depressive disorders. 130:330-351. 

Wender PH. Kccy SS. Rosenthal D, Schulsinger F. Ortmann J. Lundc l. (1986) Psychiatric disorders in the biological and adoptive families of adopted individuals with affective disorders..  Arch Gen Psychiatry. 43: 923-928

Snyder SH. (1986). Drugs and the Brain. Scientific American Books/ WH Freeman: New York

Purves D. Augustine GJ Fitzpatrick D. et al. (2004). Neuroscience. 4th ed. Sinauer Associates, Inc.: Sunderland, MA.

Restak RM (1984). The Brain. Bantam books: New York.

Nancy C Andreason, M.D., Ph.D., The Broken Brain, The Biological Revolution in Psychiatry (1985) Perennial Library, Harper & Row Publishers, New york

Black, D, Andreasen, N, Introductory Textbook of Psychiatry (2011) American Psychiatric Publishing, Inc., London England


Edelman, E, Natural Healing for Schizophrenia (2001)  Borage Books, Eugene Oregon